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Pathogenesis of lymphangioma

The proved expression of different growth factors in the endothelium of lymphangiomas leads to new hypotheses regarding the pathogenesis of lymphangiomas. Thus, further studies on the lymphangiogenesis and the development of lymphangiomas will have to clarify as to whether lymphangiomas are true malformations or neoplastic in nature Pathologic examination of a lymphangioma reveals a nonencapsulated lesion with variably sized cystic spaces lined by flattened endothelial cells. Pericytes and smooth muscles are absent from the.

Pathogenesis. Lymphangioma arises from lymph vessels, which are normally involved in the re-circulation of excess body fluid back into the blood stream. The exact mechanism of development of abnormal malformations is not known. It is suggested that lymphangioma is formed as a result of one of four mechanisms In 1976, Whimster studied the pathogenesis of lymphangioma circumscriptum. According to Whimster, the basic pathologic process is the collection of lymphatic cisterns in the deep subcutaneous.. Abnormal congenital development, bleeding or inflammation of the lymphatic system may cause progressive dilatation of the lymphatic channels but pathogenesis not well understood Clinical features May be asymptomati Lymphangiomas are malformations of the lymphatic system characterized by lesions that are thin-walled cysts; these cysts can be macroscopic, as in a cystic hygroma, or microscopic. The lymphatic system is the network of vessels responsible for returning to the venous system excess fluid from tissues as well as the lymph nodes that filter this fluid for signs of pathogens. These malformations can occur at any age and may involve any part of the body, but 90% occur in children less than 2 years o

Pathophysiology Despite its superficial manifestations, LC is a problem of abnormal lymphatic vessels in the deep subcutaneous tissues. There, large dilated and abnormal lymphatic cisterns branch smaller channels that travel upward through the skin to blind endings in the papillary dermis Lymphangioma circumscriptum is a microcystic malformation in the lymphatic system that usually appears on the neck, underarm, mouth, limps, and shoulders. They will appear as a small blister that are grouped together and contains lymph fluid. The color ranges from pink to dark red, black or brown, especially if the sole or palm is affected Pathogenesis of tonsillar lymphangioma is uncertain, and three theories have been proposed to explain it . Failure of the Primordial Lymphatic Sacs to Drain into the Veins According to this theory, the failure of the lymphatic sacs to drain into the veins gives a dilation of the isolated lymphatic channels [ 13 ] Lack of fusion with the venous system Theories regarding the pathogenesis of lymphangiomas Assuming a mesenchymal origin of the lymphatic system, other authors postulate that a non-fusion of the lymph A failure of the lymphatic system to connect with or sacs with the venous system leads to the development of separate from the venous system or an abnormal budding lymphangiomas [31]

Pathogenesis of lymphangiomas SpringerLin

Lymphangiomas are uncommon, benign malformations of the lymphatic system that can occur anywhere on the skin and mucous membranes. Lymphangiomas can be categorized as deep or superficial based on the depth and size of the abnormal lymphatic vessels or as congenital or acquired The pathogenesis of lymphangioma circumscriptum was first described by Whimster in 1976. 9,10 It was postulated that large muscle coated cisterns were present in subcutaneous tissue, disconnected from the normal network of lymphatic vessels. However, they are connected to dermal lymph channels. The vesicle Cystic hygroma, which is also known as cystic lymphangioma or macrocystic lymphatic malformation, is a red or bluish swelling of the skin in the neck, armpit or groin region that consists of large, fluid-filled spaces. Some say it is a type of cavernous lymphangioma. Cavernous lymphangioma is also considered a macrocystic lesion

To determine the role of angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of lymphangioma, Sidle et al (2005) examined patients' specimens for expression of angiogenic inducer vascular endothelial growth factor.. Pathogenesis Although cystic hygroma was first described by Redenbacker in 1823 and Virchow gave the first accu-rate description of a lymphangioma of the tongue in 1854, it was not until 1901 when Sabin (1901 1909; ) pos-tulated the embryogenesis of the lymphatic system that the lymphatic origin of these unique tumours was recognized Lymphangioma consists of proliferating lymphatic vessels within a fibrovascular stroma. It can occur very rarely in both man and domesticated animals. Very early reports in horses involve the pleural cavity and small and large intestines. Etiology and Pathophysiology. The basic pathologic process is the collection of lymphatic cisterns in.

Postnatal lymphangiogenesis commonly occurs from preexisting lymphatic vessels by sprouting, which is induced by lymphangiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C). However, the key signals and cell types that stimulate pathological lymphangiogenesis, such as human cystic lymphangioma, are less well known A study of lymphangioma circumscriptusm has been carried out over a number of years in an attempt to understand its nature and pathogenesis, with a view to improving treatment. It is postulated that the lesion consists essentially of a collection of large muscular‐coated lymphatic cisterns, lying deep in the subcutaneous plane and. This exacerbation cascade induced proliferation of lymphatic endothelial cells to form cystic lymphangioma. Ultimately, excessive Amphiregulin produced by fibroblasts surrounding lymphatics and by lymphatic endothelial cells per se results in pathogenesis of cystic lymphangioma and will be a fascinating therapeutic target of cystic lymphangioma Ultimately, excessive Amphiregulin produced by fibroblasts surrounding lymphatics and by lymphatic endothelial cells per se results in pathogenesis of cystic lymphangioma and will be a fascinating. In 1976, Whimster studied the pathogenesis of lymphangioma circumscriptum, finding lymphatic cisterns in the deep subcutaneous plane are separated from the normal network of lymph vessels. They communicate with the superficial lymph vesicles through vertical, dilated lymph channels

Pathogenesis of lymphangiomas

The pathogenesis of tonsillar lymphangioma is controversial. Chronic inflammation and associated obstruction of lymphatic channels have previously been suggested as a possible mechanism, with congestion eventually leading to mucosal prolapse and the appearance of a polypoidal swelling. 15. A second case with acquired lymphangioma of the vulva has been presented. The condition was diagnosed 22 years following radiation and lymph-node dissection for carcinoma of the cervix and a long history of recurring erysipelas involving the vulva and lymphedematous lower extremities. The pathogenesis of the lymphangioma and the possibility of. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go

Pathogenesis of orbital lymphangioma remains controversia

  1. There are different theories concerning the pathogenesis of these lesions. The most probable cause in our case is a localized lymphatic stasis due to a congenital obstruction of the regional lymphatic drainage. When a lymphangioma grows, the increase in size is due to a partial or complete lack of communication with the adjacent lymphatic ducts
  2. Acquired lymphangioma: report of four cases and a discussion of the pathogenesis. Mallett RB(1), Curley GK, Mortimer PS. Author information: (1)Department of Dermatology, St George's Hospital, London, U.K
  3. The exact pathogenesis of lymphangioma is not fully understood. It is thought that lymphangioma is caused by either sequestration of lymph tissue, abnormal budding of lymph vessels, lack of fusion with the venous system, or obstruction of lymph vessels. Lymphangiomas most commonly develop at the head and neck regions
  4. ed under light and.
  5. Lymphangioma of the tongue. A review of pathogenesis, treatment and the use of surface laser photocoagulation
  6. 13 year old girl with isolated laryngeal lymphangioma (Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011;63:90) 35 year old pregnant woman with large cystic tumor in fetal chest (Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2008;31:697) 58 year old man with conjunctival lymphangioma (Case Rep Ophthalmol Med 2012;2012:836573) Secondary lymphangiomas of vulva (Indian J Dermatol 2012;57:149

Lymphangioma pathophysiology - wikido

Lymphangioma and Lymphangiomatosis David S. Cassarino, MD, PhD Key Facts Terminology Lymphangioma circumscriptum (superficial lymphangioma) (LAC) Lymphangiomatosis (systemic angiomatosis) (LAS) Cystic lymphangioma (cystic hygroma) Deep lymphangioma (cavernous lymphangioma) Etiology/Pathogenesis Most cases considered developmental malformations. The most frequent presenting features of orbital lymphangiomas are proptosis and ptosis of the affected eye. Other presentations include periocular mass and physical disfigurement, restriction of extraocular movements, mechanical blepharoptosis, and compressive optic neuropathy. In a retrospective study of 26 patients with orbital lymphangioma. A lymphangioma is a type of swelling that affects the neck, mouth, or head. It is usually present at birth or appears within the first 2 years. It is related to the lymphatic system and it is not. Pathophysiology. Proliferating lymphangioma, H&E stain. Sometimes endothelial cells begin to divide excessively. In 1976, Whimster studied the pathogenesis of lymphangioma circumscriptum, finding lymphatic cisterns in the deep subcutaneous plane are separated from the normal network of lymph vessels. They communicate with the superficial lymph. However, the exact pathogenesis of acquired lymphangioma remains unknown. In the pertinent literature, the estimated incidence of lymphangioma in children is up to 6% of all benign tumors, with an equal distribution among sexes and races . In about half of the patients, the disease is already obvious at the time of birth

Pathogenesis of orbital lymphangioma remains controversial

Acquired lymphangioma: report of four cases and a discussion of the pathogenesis Acquired lymphangioma: report of four cases and a discussion of the pathogenesis MALLETT, R.B.; CURLEY, GINA K.; MORTIMER, P.S. 1992-04-01 00:00:00 Summary Four patients with acquired lymphangiomata arising after surgery for malignancy, both with and without subsequent radiotherapy, are reported Lymphangioma is a rare hamartoma, a benign tumor caused by congenital malformation of the lymphatic system, usually occurs in the neck and axilla, occasionally in the mediastinum, retro-peritoneum, and The pathogenesis based on what we know of normal lymphatic embryogenesis, it is a result o Lymphagioma of the tongue. A review of pathogenesis, treatment and the use of surface laser photocoagulation - Volume 105 Issue 11. Lymphangioma circumscriptum of the tongue: successful treatment using intralesional bleomycin. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, Vol. 123, Issue. 12, p. 1390 A study of lymphangioma circumscriptusm has been carried out over a number of years in an attempt to understand its nature and pathogenesis, with a view to improving treatment. It is postulated that the lesion consists essentially of a collection of large muscular‐coated lymphatic cisterns, lying deep in the subcutaneous plane and. Key words :Cystic hygroma, Lymphangioma, Macroglossia Lymphangioma is a benign, harmatomatous tumour of lymphatic vessels with a marked predilection for the head and neck region. [arabmedmag.com] Isolated tongue involvement can lead to macroglossia with dysphagia and airway obstruction. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Oral lymphangiomas occur more commonly in the anterior two-third of the tongue, resulting.

Lymphangioma: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiolog

In 1976 Whimster studied the pathogenesis of lymphangioma circumscriptum, finding lymphatic cisterns in the deep subcutaneous plane are separated from the normal network of lymph vessels. They communicate with the superficial lymph vesicles through vertical, dilated lymph channels. Whimster theorized the cisterns might come from a primitive lymph sac that failed to connect with the rest of the. The exact pathogenesis of lymphangioma remains largely unknown, although the congenital developmental abnormality of the lymphatic tissue, dilatation of abnormal channels, and localized lymphatic obstruction are thought to be the important causes (Asch et al. 1974; Enzinger & Weiss 1995). Other pathogeneses discussed include trauma. pathogenesis Although the pathogenesis is not fully understood, available evidence suggests that most cases of GN are due to an autoimmune response, which is modified by genetic factors, to a variety of different etiologic agents including infectious agents [ 1,2 ] Cystic lymphangioma of the colon. Report of a case and review of the literature. Kuroda Y, Katoh H, Ohsato K. A rare case of cystic lymphangioma of the colon is reported. The lobulated and fluctuant lesion was located in the splenic flexure and was associated with multiple adenomas in the entire colon

In 1976, Whimster studied the pathogenesis of lymphangioma circumscriptum, finding lymphatic cisterns in the deep subcutaneous plane are separated from the normal network of lymph vessels. They communicate with the superficial lymph vesicles through vertical, dilated lymph channels. Whimster theorized the cisterns might come from a primitive lymph sac that failed to connect with the rest of. The pathogenesis of secondary lymphangioma circumscriptum (synonyms: acquired lymphangiectasis, acquired lymphangioma) occurring after lymphatic damage due to cancer treatment, up to 43 years after therapy, is not yet fully understood. 2 It is presumably related to increased hydrostatic pressure within vessels proximal to lymphatic obstruction. Lymphatic malformations are rare, non-malignant masses consisting of fluid-filled channels or spaces thought to be caused by the abnormal development of the lymphatic system. These malformations are usually apparent at birth or by two years of age. Lymphatic malformations can affect any area of the body (except the brain), but most commonly. Infantile lymphangioma and hemangioma (hemangiolymphangioma-HLA) is a rare mixed vascular tumor with both endothelial and lymphatic elements, which belongs to the family of mixed vascular malformations [1, 2]. Approximately 40-60% of HLAs appear at birth and 80-90% during the first 2 years of life, and the frequency decreases with age Cystic lymphangioma is a rare benign tumor commonly located in the head or neck. Approximately 100 adult cases have been reported in the literature. The etiopathogenesis is unclear, though trauma has been suggested as one of the possible causes. W

Their pathogenesis is unknown, but appears to be related, in part, to congenital malformations of the thoracic lymphatic system (10, 17, 50). Surgical excision of localized lesions ( 100-102 , 165 ) and CT-guided sclerotherapy of large and numerous lymphangiomas are useful management strategies ( 161 ) The new england journal of medicine n engl j med 365;23 nejm.org december 8, 2011 2205 review article Mechanisms of Disease The Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis Iain B. McInnes, F.R.C.P., Ph.D., and Georg Schett, M.D Familiarity with the embryology of the lymphatic system is helpful in understanding the pathogenesis and radiologic appearance of lymphangiomas of the cervicothoracic region. By considering anatomic location and radiologic appearance, one can predict the type of lymphangioma present, the primordial lymph sac from which the malformation arose.

Pathology Outlines - Lymphangiom

The pathogenesis at first seems self evident, namely, that damage to the axillary lymphatic system caused by surgery and/or radiotherapy impairs lymph drainage from the arm. Lymphangiography during the latent phase (posttreatment but before swelling) shows dilation of the main collecting lymphatics in the arm. 14 Contrast medium appears to be. Lymphangioma insults in adults are uncommon and the occurrence in the oropharynx is extremely rare. Although disease history and clinical symptoms may help in distinguishing it from malignant tumors, the pathophysiology of lymphangioma via histological examinations should be established for convenient and precise diagnosis pathogenesis of lymphatic associated diseases. Therefore, in the present study an optimized collagenase digestion method was used to isolate pure human glossal lymphangioma-associated LECs based of the fact that there are plenty of dilated lymphatics in human lymphangioma specimens, and then the primarily cultured cell lines were obtained

Lymphangioma of Bone.PORTNotes.In: OrthopaedicsOne - The Orthopaedic Knowledge Network.Created Feb 16, 2009 16:50. Last modified Jun 12, 2010 10:31 ver. 4.Retrieve polyp,3 polypoid lymphangioma, 4 sopharyngeal angiofibroma, and an angiomatous lesion. angiofibrolipoma,5 and lymphangiomatous polyp. 6 We prefer the term lymphan - giomatous polyp rather than lymphangioma because the pathogenesis of these lesions is still unclear. In our case, the clinical presentation of the lymphangi

Large lymphangioma extending into tissue spaces of the neck is reffered to as cystic hygroma. Advancements in the knowledge of pathogenesis of such vascular malformations is continuously changing their treatment protocols. Early recognition is of utmost importance for initiation of proper treatment, and avoiding serious complications Lymphangioma A congenital, benign lesion that results from focal, excessive proliferation of lym-phatics, lymphangioma can occur in many organs [3, 4]. It represents an isolated cluster of abnormal lymphatics that swells as lymph accumulates within it [4]. The most common location is the neck (where lymphangioma i

Ninja Nerds,In this lecture, Zach Murphy, PA-C will be discussing the pathophysiology of pneumonia. During this lecture we will be outlining and describing t.. This observation suggests that the pathogenesis of pancreatic lymphangioma is regional. Table 2 Patients often present with various nonspecific symptoms, including abdominal pain, digestive discomfort, and a palpable mass, due to the different sizes and locations of lymphangiomas. [9 Not only can all types of lymphangioma occur in one lesion, but lymphatic and vascular malformations may also coexist. AB - Familiarity with the embryology of the lymphatic system is helpful in understanding the pathogenesis and radiologic appearance of lymphangiomas of the cervicothoracic region To extend the molecular basis of the pathogenesis of lymphangioma, we have characterized the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptors (VEGFR) in 29 cases of. Was ist Lymphangioma Tumor | lymphatic malformation in adults -lymphangioma Lymphangioma is an irregular structure that comprises of a group of lymph vessels and blood vessels that are dense and clomped composed. Bedingt durch seine Natur, kann ein Lymphangiom entwickeln schnell oder langsam. Lymphangiomas are inherited deformities of the.

Conditions of the Tongue at University of Michigan - Ann Arbor - StudyBlue

Lymphangioma - Wikipedi

Lymphangioma Circumscriptum: Read more about Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Complications, Causes and Prognosis. Etiology Pathophysiology Despite its superficial manifestations, LC is a problem of abnormal lymphatic vessels in the deep subcutaneous tissues Hilliard et al. suggested a common pathogenesis of developmental lymphatic disorders leading to lymphangioma (localized lesions), lymphangiomatosis (multifocal lesions), lymphangiectasis (dilated lymphatics), mixed vascular lymphatic angiomas, and combinations of lymphatic and other tissues (including lymphangiomyomatosis). This theory does not. A 32-year-old Chinese man with cystic lymphangioma of the transverse colon is described. He presented with a 1-year history of altered bowel habits. Double-contrast barium enema study demonstrated a submucosal lesion in the midportion of the transverse colon with intact mucosa. Computed tomography (CT) showed a round 3.0-cm submucosal cystic mass lesion Overview. Lymphangioma is abnormality of lymph vessels, which are normally involved in the re-circulation of excess body fluid back into the blood stream. The exact pathogenesis of lymphangioma is not fully understood. It is thought that lymphangioma is caused by either sequestration of lymph tissue, abnormal budding of lymph vessels, lack of fusion with the venous system, or obstruction of.

Lymphangioma Circumscriptum (Lymphangiectasia, Dermal

  1. Pathophysiology. In 1976, Whimster [4] studied the pathogenesis of lymphangioma circumscriptum. According to Whimster, the basic pathologic process is the collection of lymphatic cisterns in the deep subcutaneous plane
  2. ology Cystic hygroma Malformation of lymphatic system, generally considered congenital Etiology/Pathogenesis Associated with chromosomal abnormalities Clinical Issues Head and neck is most common location Complete resection is treatment of choice Microscopic Pathology Variably sized lymphatic spaces lined by.
  3. The term lymphangioma circumscriptum was coined by Morris et.al, in 1889. The pathogenesis was first described by Whimster in 1976. Acquired causes of obstruction of lymphatics are: (1) Tuberculosis, (2) filariasis, (3) lymphogranuloma venereum, (4) local radiotherapy and (5) lymph node malignancy-primary or secondary

Lymphangioma - What is?, Treatment, Diagnosis, Cause

  1. []. eir pathogenesis has not been clari ed and multiple theories have been proposed. Here we report the case of a lymphangioma of the palatine tonsil in a -year-old boy and brie y review the existing literature. 2. Case Presentation A -y ear-old boy presented to our hospital complaining of a foreign body feeling in the throat of a few months.
  2. ation found a tumorous mass of the fetal neck consisting of multiple cystic structures. Our presumed diagnosis was cervical lymphangioma. The mass reached from cervical region into mediastinum
  3. We prefer the term lymphangiomatous polyp rather than lymphangioma because the pathogenesis of these lesions is still unclear. As noted in the literature , the lymphatic channels of LAPs are.
  4. Saijo M, Munro IR, Mancer K: Lymphangioma: a long-term follow-up study. Plast Reconstr Surg 56:642-51,1975. Saito T, Terada K, Tsuchiya K, Oda Y, Tsuneyoshi M, Iwamoto Y: Lymphangioma presenting as a dumbbell tumor in the epidural space of the lumbar spine. Spine 24:74-6,1999
  5. Lymphangiomas are rare benign congenital malformations of the lymphatic system. They are thought to happen due to obstruction of the local lymph flow. Lymphangiomas may arise in any part of the body. Approximately 95% of lymphangiomas are found in the head, neck and axilla, and 5% appear in other parts of the human body. Lymphangioma of the mesentery is exceptional

Primary Lymphangioma of the Tonsil: A Case Repor

  1. The pathophysiology of the lymphangioma is still contro-versial as mentioned above. In this case, previous surgery for hernia and hydrocele might have caused mechanical obstruction or overgrowth of lymphatic tissue and could thus have led to formation of the lymphatic malfor
  2. genic components implies the existence of hemorrhagic The pathophysiology of the lymphangioma is still contro- materials or debris. Magnetic resonance imaging shows a versial as mentioned above. In this case, previous surgery multiloculated cystic mass with low signal intensity on for hernia and hydrocele might have caused mechanical T1.
  3. Cystic hygromas, also known as lymphangiomas, are unusual congenital malformations of the lymphatic system. They are normally seen in the head and neck region and very rarely occur in the scrotum. This anomaly manifests as a painless scrotal swelling and is easily misdiagnosed. We report a rare case of a 3-year-old boy who presented with a gradually enlarging, painless scrotal mass which was.
  4. Cystic lymphangioma is a rare tumor of the lymphatic vessels that occurs more frequently in women. Location of this pathology can be diverse but most commonly occurs in the neck or axilla. Cystic lymphangioma originating from the adrenal tissue represents a very rare entity. We report here the case of a 38-year-old woman who was diagnosed with a cystic retroperitoneal mass
  5. ing the pathogenesis of mesenteric lymphangioma in adults remains challenging and may require a thorough medical and procedural history. Treatment with complete surgical resection is often curative and patients fare well postoperatively following these procedures
  6. The inherited VMCM is caused by mutations in the EC-specific receptor tyrosine kinase TIE2, also known as TEK, located in the VMCM1 locus on 9p21 ( 7).Only two mutations have been reported: R849W in four families and Y897S in one ( 7, 9, 10).We have identified six additional families with the R849W change and six with a novel substitution, all in the kinase domains (V. Wouters et al.
  7. Histologically, lymphangioma consist of blood vessels and lymphatic channels of various sizes. The pathogenesis of spontaneous hemorrhage of lymphangioma is unknown. The present case had symptoms of chronic hemorrhage, dizziness, and melena. Diagnosis of small bowel lymphangioma is difficult and requires pathological confirmation of the lesion
Hobnail (Targetoid Hemosiderotic) Hemangioma | Basicmedical Key

Pathogenesis of lymphangiomas, Virchows Archiv 10

Microcystic Lymphatic Malformations of the TongueDiagnosis, Classification, and TreatmentChyle leakage

Lymphangioma Article - StatPearl

Renal lymphangioma is a very rare disease entity that is caused by obstructions of the lymphatic system around the kidney during the developmental period. Approximately 50 cases of renal lymphangioma have been reported, and little is known about its prevalence, pathogenesis, and natural history Balakrishnan A, Bailey CM. Lymphangioma of the tongue. A review of pathogenesis, treatment and the use of surface laser photocoagulation. J Laryngol Otol 1991;105:924. 7. Jeeva Rathan J, Harsha Vardhan BG, Muthu MS, Venkatachalapathy, Saraswathy K, Sivakumar N. Oral lymphangioma: A case report. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2005;23:185-9 The pathogenesis of AL is still unclear and debatable, right adrenal cystic lymphangioma lesion (arrow) as evident on T2 sequence, axial view, measuring around 4.0 x 3.7 cm with homogeneous signal intensity; (B & C) T1 sequence, pre- and post-contrast phase, respectively, showing the same cystic lymphangioma lesions, arising from the right. Mesenteric lymphangiomas are relatively rare, with clinical symptoms ranging from an asymptomatic presentation to an acute abdomen. The natural history and biological behaviour of this entity can range from slow indolent lesions to aggressive tumours with a risk of malignant transformation. Spontaneous regression of a mesenteric lymphangioma is rare

lymphangioma 関 嚢胞状リンパ管腫 概念. リンパ管の過誤腫的な先天異常、リンパ液の持続的うっ滞、腫瘍性の増殖などによって生じる疾患; リンパ管の腫瘍的増殖ではなく先天的なリンパ管の奇形という理解になっている。 分類. 後天性リンパ管腫; 海綿状. Cystic hygroma. 1. BACKGROUND • FIRST DESCRIBED BY WERNHER IN 1843 • CYSTIC HYGROMA (CH) IS A CYSTIC LYMPHATIC LESION THAT CAN AFFECT ANY ANATOMIC SUBSITE IN THE HUMAN BODY. • CH USUALLY AFFECTS THE HEAD AND NECK (APPROXIMATELY 75%), WITH A LEFT-SIDED PREDILECTION. • WITHIN THE NECK, THE POSTERIOR TRIANGLE TENDS TO BE MOST FREQUENTLY. Lymphedema refers to swelling that generally occurs in one of your arms or legs. Sometimes both arms or both legs swell. Lymphedema is most commonly caused by the removal of or damage to your lymph nodes as a part of cancer treatment. It results from a blockage in your lymphatic system, which is part of your immune system 8. Balakrishnan A, Bailey CM. Lymphangioma of the tongue. A review of pathogenesis, treatment and the use of sur-face laser photocoagulation. Journal of Laryngology and Otology 1991; 105: 924-929. 9. Hellman JR, Myer CM, Prenger EC. Therapeutic alter-natives in the treatment of life-threatening vasoformative tumors